AITEC Contract Research Projects in FY1995 : Software

(9) Fast Hypothetical Reasoning System

Dr. Mitsuru Ishizuka, Professor, The University of Tokyo

Fast Hypothetical Reasoning System Based on Networked Bubble Propagation Method

Propositional-Logic Version (NBP1)

by

Mitsuru Ishizuka, Yukio Ohsawa, Hiroshi Dohi and Masahiro Itoh
at The University of Tokyo

[Feature of the Software]

This software provides a fast hypothetical reasoning system, which can compute a near-optimal solution in polynomial time.

[Required Environment]

This program written in C can run on a Unix machine / Unix OS with an X-windows library. (We have checked only SunOS.)

[File Configuration]

nbp1.c -- main program written in C (no other subprograms)

kd8.dat -- example knowledge-base file
kd20.dat -- example knowledge-base file
kd22.dat -- example knowledge-base file
kd23.dat -- example knowledge-base file
kd24.dat -- example knowledge-base file

[Functional Description of the Software]

While hypothetical reasoning ( or abduction) is an important framework for knowledge systems applicable to many problems including diagnosis, design, etc., it takes exponential time for a given problem size to find an exact solution. This NBP1 software provides a fast cost-based (or weighted) hypothetical reasoning system, which can compute a near-optimal solution in low-order polynomial time. Here, the cost of a solution is the sum of numerical weights assigned to element hypotheses included in the solution, and the optimal solution means that the cost is minimal. The fast reasoning mechanism of this system is based on the networked bubble propagation method, which has been derived as an improvement on the pivot-and-complement method, an efficient approximate solution method for 0-1 integer programming. Experimental speed perfermance shows a polynomial time of approximately 1.5 power of N, where N is the number of possible element hypotheses in the knowledge base. The software is equipped with a graphical user interface using X-windows.

[References]

[User's Manual]

How to install the program

Compile the source program (nbp1.c) in a Unix environment with an X-windows library as follows to produce an executable program.

gcc nbp1.c -L(the directory containing tk and tcl) -ltk -ltcl [ -L(the directory containing X11 and m) -I(the directory containing the included files of X) ] -lX11 -lm

How to operate on the X-window

If you run the program, it can be operated from the X-windows' graphical interface by the following operations.

'File' Pull-down Menu
'Edit' (to open an edit window for a knowledge base)
'Quit' (quit the program)

'Option' Pull-down Menu
Select from the following operation modes.
  • non-stop (continuous operation; default mode)
  • step-by-step (stepwise operation)

Editing Display Window: edit the knowledge base and execute hypothetical reasoning.
'Open' menu: open a window to enter the file name of a knowledge base
'Start' nemu: execute hypothetical reasoning (NBP method) on the file before editing
'Test' menu: execute hypothetical reasoning (NBP method) on the file after editing
'Save' menu: save the edited file
'Quit' nemu: quit the editing window

Format of knowledge-base file

This ia a tentative version for experiments; revisions are planned. Because of the tentative version, a simple symbol "-" is used for representing ":-" widely used in Prolog. Also, ",(return)" is used to indicate the separation between clauses as exemplified below. The weight of each element hypothesis will be set to the default value '1' in this version. 'True' and 'False' are expressed as '1' and '0', respectively.

The following shows examples of the knowledge format.

{an example of goal for hypothetical reasoning}
1-g,
{an example of rule-type propositional clause}
a-b,h1,
{an example of constraint knowledge indicating inconsistency relation}
0-h1,h2,
{an example of knowledge-base file -- kb2.dat}
1-g,
g-ma0,md0,
ma0-mb0,
ma0-mc0,
ma0-hc0,
md0-ha0,
md0-hb0,
mb0-he0,
mc0-me0,
me0-hd0,
0-ha0,he0,
0-hb0,he0,
0-ha0,hd0,
0-hb0,hd0,
0-ha0,hc0,

{the following files are attached for trial use;
-- kb8.dat kb20.dat kb22.dat kb23.dat kb24.dat }

[Others]

A predicate-logic version will be released later.

You can see the home page of Ishizuka Lab. at Dept. of Information and Communication Eng., Faculty of Eng., University of Tokyo.

[FTP]



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